Gilashin Borosilicate vs Soda-Lime don Kwalaben Kwalliya: Bayanan Juriyar Girgiza Mai Zafi da Dacewar Sinadarai

TL;DR.Gilashin Borosilicate da gilashin soda-lime ba za a iya musanya su ba a cikin marufi na kwalliya. Iyalin borosilicate suna da ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi kusan 3.3 x 10^-6/K, suna jure girgizar zafi ΔT na kimanin digiri 160 Celsius, kuma suna haɗuwa da aji na hydrolytic na USP <660> HGA 1. Iyalin soda-lime suna da ma'aunin faɗaɗawa kusan 9 x 10^-6/K, suna jure ΔT na kimanin digiri 40 Celsius, kuma suna haɗuwa da aji na hydrolytic na USP <660> HGB 3. Shawarar tana faruwa ne ta dalilai uku: zafin layin cikawa, pH na tsari, da tsawon lokacin shiryawa. Cika zafi sama da digiri 70 Celsius, pH na tsari ƙasa da 4 ko sama da 9, ko tsawon lokacin shiryawa sama da watanni 24 duk suna nuna borosilicate. Cika zafin ɗaki, pH tsaka tsaki, da tsawon lokacin shiryawa na yau da kullun suna kiyaye soda-lime a matsayin ma'auni.

Iyalan Gilashi Biyu: Borosilicate da Soda-Lime Gefen Gefen Gefen

Gilashin Borosilicate an gina shi ne a kusa da silica da boron trioxide, tare da abun ciki na B2O3 kusan kashi 12% zuwa 15% na dabarar. Boron yana maye gurbin sodium da calcium oxides waɗanda ke samar da gilashin soda-lime, kuma wannan maye gurbin guda ɗaya shine abin da ke haifar da kusan kowane bambanci na dukiya. Zafin canjin gilashin ya fi girma, faɗaɗa zafin ya kai kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku, kuma juriyar sinadarai akan ruwa da ruwan acid ya ninka sau da yawa.

Gilashin Soda-lime shine babban abin da masana'antar kayan kwalliya ke amfani da shi. Tsarin shine kusan kashi 70% na silica, kashi 15% na sodium oxide, kashi 9% na calcium oxide, da kuma ma'aunin magnesium, aluminum, da abubuwan da aka gano. Yana da rahusa a samar, yana da sauƙin ƙera shi cikin nau'ikan kwalba na kwalliya iri-iri da kasuwa ke tsammani, kuma ana iya sake amfani da shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kwararar cullet mai rinjaye. Irin waɗannan kaddarorin da ke sa soda-lime ya zama mai arha kuma mai sauƙin aiki suma suna sa shi ya zama mai sauƙin kamuwa da zafi da kuma alkaline leaching a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic.

Bayanan da aka haɗa guda uku suna jagorantar kusan kowace ma'aunin bayanai a sauran wannan kwatancen. Na farko, boron da ke cikin borosilicate wani tsohon tsarin sadarwa ne na gilashi, wanda ke nufin yana haɗuwa kai tsaye cikin layin silica kuma yana samar da tsari mai kauri da kwanciyar hankali na zafi. Na biyu, sodium da ke cikin soda-lime wani tsari ne na hanyar sadarwa, wanda ke nufin yana zaune a cikin gibin layin silica kuma yana fitar da ruwa ko mafita na acidic. Na uku, rashin boron a cikin soda-lime shine abin da ke ba da damar tsara tsarin don haske da tsari maimakon juriya ga zafi ko sinadarai.

A layin samarwa, bambancin da ke tsakanin iyalai biyu na gilashi yana bayyana a cikin ayyuka uku. Muna duba cullet ɗin kafin a ɗora shi a cikin rukuni don kiyaye launi da ma'aunin faɗaɗawa a cikin ma'aunin da mai samar da kayayyaki ya ƙayyade. Muna auna ma'aunin faɗaɗa zafi akan samfurin da aka ɗauko daga kowace tashar wutar lantarki, kuma muna ƙin duk wani samfurin da ya zame sama da 0.2 x 10^-6/K daga ƙimar da mai samar da kayayyaki ya ayyana. Muna duba kauri bangon kwalbar bayan an samar da shi, saboda kauri bango shine abin da ke ƙayyade ainihin haƙurin ΔT akan layin cikawa fiye da dangin gilashin da kansa. Kwalbar borosilicate ta bango mai girman 2.0mm ta fi kwalbar soda-lime ta bango mai girman 1.5mm akan layi ɗaya, kuma muna ganin wannan yana bayyana a cikin ƙirgawar ƙin yarda na abokin ciniki kafin ya bayyana a dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Sakamakon da ake amfani da shi a aikace shi ne cewa ga duk wani amfani da kayan kwalliya inda kwalbar za ta ga yanayin zafi sama da digiri 60 na Celsius yayin cikawa, ko kuma duk wani tsari da ke ƙasa da pH 4 ko sama da pH 9 a lokacin da ake shiryawa, zaɓin gilashi ya zama zaɓin ko samfurin ya isa ga mai amfani da shi.kwalban mai mai mahimmancikewayon ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan gilashin, kuma zaɓin yana gudana ne ta hanyar aikace-aikacen maimakon ta hanyar fifikon tsoho.

Juriyar Girgizar Zafi: Bambancin ΔT da Ma'anarsa ga Kwalbar Digo 30ml

Mafi mahimmancin ma'aunin bayanai don layin cika kayan kwalliya shine bambancin zafin da kwalbar za ta iya rayuwa tsakanin gefen zafi na mai cika da kuma gefen sanyi na mai cirewa ko na'urar jigilar kaya ta ƙasa. Iyalan borosilicate suna jure ΔT na kimanin digiri 160 na Celsius a ƙarƙashin gwajin girgizar zafi na yau da kullun. Iyalan soda-lime suna jure ΔT na kimanin digiri 40 na Celsius a ƙarƙashin gwajin iri ɗaya.

Ga layin kwalliya na yau da kullun wanda ke gudana a digiri 80 na Celsius tare da na'urar jigilar kaya ta ƙasa a digiri 22 na Celsius, bambancin shine digiri 58 na Celsius.gilashin borosilicate mai girman 3.3 x 10^-6/K na faɗaɗawaKwalba ta wuce wannan sauyi da ƙimar ƙin yarda ƙasa da 0.1%. Kwalba mai soda-lime ta gaza da ƙimar ƙin amincewa daga 2% zuwa 5% a farkon farawa kuma tana ƙara lalacewa yayin da layin ke dumama. Bambancin kashi 2% zuwa 5% shine bambanci tsakanin layin cikewa mai inganci da layin da za a mayar da shi ga mai samar da kwalbar don binciken tushen sa.

Ga layin kwalliya na yau da kullun da ke cike da sanyi wanda ke gudana a digiri 22 na Celsius tare da ƙasa a digiri 18 na Celsius, bambancin shine digiri 4 na Celsius. Duk iyalan gilashi biyu suna wucewa wannan canjin ba tare da ƙimar ƙin yarda ba. Ba a tabbatar da ƙimar borosilicate ga layukan cike da sanyi ba, kuma ƙarin farashin yana bayyana azaman raguwar riba kai tsaye ba tare da samun ƙimar aminci na layin cikewa ba.

Bambancin girgizar zafi yana da mahimmanci a ɓangaren mai amfani. Kwalba mai borosilicate na iya canzawa daga bandaki mai zafi a digiri 38 na Celsius zuwa firiji a digiri 4 na Celsius ba tare da fashewa ba, shi ya sa borosilicate ita ce mizani ga serums masu cike zafi da ake sayarwa a yankunan da ake sa ran mai amfani ya sanyaya bayan buɗewa. Kwalba mai soda-lime na iya canzawa daga shiryayye mai digiri 30 na Celsius zuwa firiji mai digiri 4 na Celsius, amma ba zai iya canzawa daga daskarewa mai zafi na digiri 60 na Celsius zuwa wankewa mai digiri 20 na Celsius ba tare da ɓarna ba.

Ga tsarin kwalbar dropper mai nauyin 30ml, buƙatar da ake buƙata ita ce kwalbar ta tsira daga raguwar zafin da ke cika digiri 50 na Celsius zuwa na'urar sanyaya sanyi mai digiri 25 na Celsius. Duk nau'ikan gilashin biyu sun wuce wannan canjin, amma kwalbar soda-lime tana da ƙaramin gefen zafi kuma tana da sauƙin amsawa ga tasha inda ƙarshen zafi na cika yake sanyi yayin da kwalaben ke ci gaba da ci. Tasha ta layi na minti 10 a digiri 50 na Celsius tare da soda-lime yana samar da ƙimar ƙin yarda a kan na'urar sanyaya sanyi ta gaba; tasha iri ɗaya da borosilicate ba a iya gani ga teburin ƙin yarda.

Bayanan Dacewa da Sinadarai: pH 2 zuwa pH 11 A Faɗin Barasa, Mai, da Tsarin Ruwa

Daidaiton sinadarai shine inda ginshiƙai biyu na gilashi suka fi bambanta. Borosilicate a cikin aji na hydrolytic HGA 1 ba ya nuna asarar nauyi mai aunawa, babu canjin pH mai aunawa, kuma babu harin saman da za a iya aunawa a cikin cikakken kewayon pH 2 zuwa pH 11 a ƙarƙashin saurin tsufa a digiri 40 na Celsius na tsawon watanni 12. Soda-lime a aji na hydrolytic HGB 3 ba ya nuna wani hari mai aunawa a cikin kewayon pH 5 zuwa pH 8, amma harin da za a iya aunawa a cikin kewayon pH 2 zuwa pH 4 da pH 9 zuwa pH 11.

An fahimci tsarin kai hari a cikin soda-lime sosai. Sodium ions a cikin silica lattice suna musayar ions hydrogen a cikin tsarin, suna ɗaga pH ɗin tsari da ƙirƙirar siririn Layer da aka leƙa a saman ciki na kwalbar. Yawan leaching yana kusan micrometers 0.1 zuwa 0.3 a kowace shekara a pH 7, amma yana ƙaruwa zuwa micrometers 1 zuwa 3 a kowace shekara a pH 3 ko pH 10. Layer ɗin da aka leƙa yana da siriri wanda ba za a iya gani ba kuma yana da kauri don lalata ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da pH.

Ga magungunan da aka yi da barasa waɗanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin ethanol sama da kashi 20%, dukkan nau'ikan gilashin ba su nuna wani hari da za a iya aunawa ba. Barasa wani sinadari ne mai kare gilashi a cikin maganin domin yana rage saurin musayar ion. Ga magungunan da aka yi da mai, gami da gaurayen mai masu mahimmanci, dukkan nau'ikan gilashin ba su nuna wani hari da za a iya aunawa ba a cikin cikakken kewayon pH; mai ba ya musanya ions tare da layin silica. Muna gwada ma'aunin jituwa na sinadarai akanBayanan ma'auni na daidaiton sinadarai na borosilicate vs soda-limea matsayin tushen, saboda bayanan da aka buga game da daidaiton sinadarai suna kama mafi munin yanayin magunguna kuma duk wani marufi na kwalliya wanda ya wuce yanayin gwaji iri ɗaya ya wuce gwajin ƙa'idar kwalliya ta asali.

Sakamakon da ake samu na haɗakar mai mai mahimmanci shine zaɓin gilashi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sinadaran mai mai mahimmanci maimakon kwalba. Man citrus masu yawan citral, man clove mai yawan eugenol, da man cinnamon masu yawan cinnamaldehyde duk acid ne masu laushi kuma za su hanzarta fitar da soda-lime. Ga kwalbar mai mai mahimmanci 30ml da aka yi niyya don haɗakar citrus, nau'in borosilicate shine mafi aminci. Ga haɗakar mai mai ɗaukar 30ml ba tare da wani abu mai ƙarfi ba, soda-lime yayi kyau.

Ga masu aikin kula da fata a pH ƙasa da 4, gami da glycolic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid, da ascorbic acid formulations, ƙayyadaddun borosilicate shine mizani. Ba za a iya cimma da'awar tsawon rai na watanni 24 a pH 3.5 a cikin soda-lime ba saboda pH na tsari yana tashi sama da raka'a 0.3 zuwa 0.7 a cikin watanni 12, wanda ya isa ya tura dabarar sama da tagar pH mai aiki. Ga masu aikin kula da fata a pH sama da 9, gami da wasu tsare-tsare na AHA da aka raba da AHA da wasu tsare-tsare na niacinamide, irin wannan dalili yana aiki.

USP <660> da EP 3.2.1: Lokacin da Dole ne a Gwada Gilashin Kwalba, Ba Kawai A Bayyana Ba

Ma'aunin Pharmacopeia na Amurka <660> da ma'aunin European Pharmacopoeia 3.2.1 sun bayyana gwajin juriyar hydrolytic ga kwantena gilashi. Ma'aunin biyu an daidaita su a cikin hanyar gwaji amma sun bambanta a cikin buƙatar gwajin saman. USP <660> yana buƙatar gwajin saman ga duk kwantena gilashi da aka rarraba a matsayin Nau'i na I ko Nau'i na II, yayin da EP 3.2.1 yana buƙatar gwajin girma da gwajin saman akan kowane nau'in kwantena.

Gilashin Borosilicate ya cika USP <660> Nau'in I a tsarin da aka tsara, ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin gwaji a matakin samarwa ba. Takardar shaidar gwajin sanarwa ce ta sau ɗaya ga kowane mai samar da gilashi, ba gwajin kowace rukuni ba. Gilashin Soda-lime ya cika USP <660> Nau'in III a tsarin da aka tsara, tare da tsarin sanarwa ɗaya lokaci guda. Gilashin Soda-lime na Nau'in II, tare da maganin saman don rage fitar da ruwa, yana buƙatar gwajin saman kowane rukuni don kiyaye rarrabuwar Nau'in II.

Ga kayayyakin kwalliya da aka tallata a matsayin kula da fata ko kyau, ba a buƙatar USP <660> da EP 3.2.1 bisa doka ba. Ka'idojin suna da mahimmanci lokacin da kayan kwalliya suka yi da'awar magani, lokacin da aka sayar da samfurin a kasuwar da ta karɓi daidaitaccen USP ko EP don kayan kwalliya, ko kuma lokacin da tsarin ingancin alamar ya buƙaci daidaitaccen gwaji kamar layin magunguna. Ga wani kamfani da ke da gwajin USP <660> akan samfurin, dole ne kwalbar ta kasance Nau'i na I ko Nau'i na II a cikin tsarin USP, kuma wannan rarrabuwar ta haifar da zaɓin gilashi.

Ga kasuwannin da ke da saurin tsada inda kayan kwalliya ba sa yin da'awar irin ta magani, ana zaɓar gilashin ne a kan tsari da layin cikawa maimakon bisa ga ƙa'idar USP. Dokar kwalliya ta Tarayyar Turai mai lamba 1223/2009 ba ta buƙatar USP <660> don marufi na kwalliya ba, kuma yawancin kasuwanni a wajen sashin kula da fata na magunguna suna ɗaukar zaɓin gilashin a matsayin shawarar alama maimakon ta ƙa'ida.

Ga samfuran da aka buga da'awar aminci game da cire gilashin gilashi (misali, "babu cirewa cikin watanni 24 a pH 3.5"), ana iya kare da'awar a cikin borosilicate kuma ba za a iya kare shi a cikin soda-lime ba. Iƙirarin iri ɗaya a cikin soda-lime zai buƙaci ko dai maganin saman zuwa rarrabuwar Nau'i na II, ko kuma da'awar rayuwar shiryayye da aka gwada a ƙasa da alamar watanni 12. Mun ga wannan yanayin ciniki a matakin RFQ, inda masu siye da ke neman "rayuwar shiryayye ta watanni 24 a pH 3.5" ana jagorantar su zuwa borosilicate ta hanyar tsoho.

Bayanan Jiki-Injiniya: Yawan Kauri, Faɗaɗawa, Tauri, da Abin da Suke Hasashe a Layin Cikowa

Bayanan zahiri da na injiniya suna ba da labarin abin da kowanne gilashi zai jure a kan ainihin layin cikawa. Borosilicate yana da yawa na kimanin 2.23 g/cm³, tsarin Young na 64 GPa, taurin Mohs na 6.2, da kuma yanayin zafi na 1.2 W/(m·K). Soda-lime yana da yawa na kimanin 2.52 g/cm³, tsarin Young na 72 GPa, taurin Mohs na 6.0, da kuma yanayin zafi na 1.0 W/(m·K).

Ƙananan yawan borosilicate yana nufin kwalban 30ml yana da nauyin kusan kashi 12% ƙasa da na soda-lime daidai da yanayin iri ɗaya. Ƙananan nauyin shine rage farashin kaya a gefen mai siye da kuma rage farashin sarrafawa akan layin cikewa. Ƙananan modulus na Young yana nufin borosilicate ya fi sassauƙa a ƙarƙashin tasiri, wanda ke fassara zuwa ƙimar tsira daga gwajin ɗigon ruwa kaɗan don kwalayen jigilar kaya. Babban ƙarfin watsa wutar lantarki yana nufin borosilicate yana sanyaya da sauri bayan cikewa mai zafi, wanda shine fa'idar lokacin zagayowar akan layin cikewa.

Tsarin da ke karya gilashi a ƙarƙashin girgizar zafi shine faɗaɗawa daban-daban a kan kauri na bango. Lokacin da saman kwalbar ya yi sanyi da sauri fiye da saman waje, ciki ya yi laushi da sauri kuma ya sanya saman waje cikin tashin hankali. Gilashin ya gaza a cikin tashin hankali a kusan 30 zuwa 50 MPa, kuma faɗaɗawar bambancin da ke haifar da wannan tashin hankali shine abin da lambar ΔT ke kamawa.

Faɗaɗawar Borosilicate ta 3.3 x 10^-6/K yana nufin bambancin zafin jiki na 1°C a kan bango yana haifar da nau'in kusan 0.0003%, wanda shine tsari na girma a ƙasa da matakin gazawa. Ma'aunin Soda-lime na 9 x 10^-6/K yana nufin bambancin zafin jiki na 1°C iri ɗaya yana haifar da nau'in kusan 0.0009%, wanda ya fi kusa da matakin kuma yana bayyana ƙarancin haƙurin ΔT. Ana auna bambancin girgizar zafi a ƙarƙashin hanyar gwajin girgizar zafi da manyan masu samar da gilashi ke amfani da ita, wanda shine gwajin iri ɗaya.Bayanan kwatancen girgizar zafi na borosilicate vs soda-lime gilashinassoshi masu alaƙa da alamar kasuwanci da bayanan mai kaya.

Ga mai aiki da layin cikewa, ma'aunin bayanai mai dacewa shine tasirin ΔT da kwalbar ke gani a lokacin da aka cire mai ɗaukar sanyi. Kwalban borosilicate zai iya jure bambancin 160°C a dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma a kan layi na ainihi bambancin aiki shine lambar dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka raba ta hanyar ma'aunin aminci na 2 zuwa 3. Bambancin aiki na kwalban soda-lime shine lambar dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka raba ta hanyar ma'aunin aminci na 3 zuwa 5. Lambobin suna ba da rahoton duba layi na yau da kullun: idan layin yana fitar da kwalaben hannu a 50°C zuwa mai ɗaukar 20°C, kwalban soda-lime yana a 30°C na ma'aunin aiki, yayin da kwalban borosilicate yana a 60°C zuwa 70°C na ma'aunin aiki.

Inda Soda-Lime Ya Yi Nasara: Farashi, Hasken Ganuwa, da Tsarin Inji

Gilashin Soda-lime shine zaɓi mafi dacewa ga yawancin aikace-aikacen kwalban kwalliya, kuma zaɓin da ya dace ba sulhu ba ne. Halaye uku da suka sa soda-lime ya zama daidai sune farashi, haske na gani, da kuma yadda ake iya samar da shi ta hanyar injiniya.

A kan farashi, soda-lime yana da rahusa daga kashi 30% zuwa 60% a kowace kwalba fiye da borosilicate a yanayin da ya dace. Bambancin farashi yana faruwa ne ta hanyar farashin kayan masarufi na boron trioxide da kuma yawan zafin wutar da ake buƙata don narke borosilicate. Ga samfurin da ke gudanar da kwalaben 100,000 a kowane wata, bambancin farashin shekara-shekara yana da ma'ana kuma yana bayyana kai tsaye a kan layin gefe. Ga samfurin da ke gudanar da kwalaben miliyan 1 a kowane wata, bambancin farashi shine bambanci tsakanin SKU mai inganci da SKU wanda aka daina amfani da shi a shekara ta biyu. Kwatancen farashi yana dogara ne akan tattalin arzikin cullet stream wanda aka buga ta hanyarCibiyar Marufi ta Gilashi (GPI), wanda ke bin diddigin bambancin farashin da aka sake amfani da shi tsakanin iyalai biyu na gilashi shekara-shekara.Tsarin ƙa'idar kwaskwarima ta EU 1223/2009yana kula da sake amfani da kayan aiki da kuma bin ƙa'idodin marufi ga dukkan iyalai biyu na gilashi a kasuwar Turai.

A fannin haske, soda-lime shine gilashin da ya fi haske. Ma'aunin haske shine 1.518, wanda shine ma'aunin marufi na gilashin kwalliya. Borosilicate yana da ma'aunin haske na 1.474, wanda bai yi haske sosai ba kuma ya ɗan bambanta a yadda haske ke ratsa kwalbar. Ga wani kamfani inda haske yake a cikin kwalbar, soda-lime shine gilashin da ya fi kyau.

A kan yanayin tsarin injina, ana iya ƙera soda-lime zuwa nau'ikan geometrics masu faɗi a mafi girman ƙimar samarwa. Wurin narkewar ya yi ƙasa, ƙarfin aiki ya fi faɗi, kuma ana iya busawa, matsewa, da kuma danna-da-busa gilashin da aka samar akan injinan kwalba na kwalliya na yau da kullun. Borosilicate yana buƙatar takamaiman kewayon aiki da kuma sanyaya mai sarrafawa, wanda ke iyakance zaɓuɓɓukan geometry kuma yana rage ƙimar samarwa. Ga alama mai tsarin lissafi na musamman, soda-lime shine gilashin da ya fi dacewa a ƙayyade. Zaɓuɓɓukan geometry na kwalba na kwalliya na yau da kullun an jera su a ƙarƙashin jerin sunayen samfuran da aka tsara a ƙarƙashinKa'idojin kammala kwalbar SPI (Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Plastics)yawancin shagunan ƙira na musamman sun yi nuni da su lokacin da ake gabatar da yiwuwar lissafi akan sabon SKU.

A ɓangaren ajiya da jigilar kaya, fa'idar soda-lime tana da ma'ana. Muna sanya kwalaben soda-lime a cikin kwalayen roba na yau da kullun waɗanda aka yi da corrugated mai bango biyu tare da adadin rabawa daga 12 zuwa 24 a kowace akwati dangane da yanayin kwalbar, kuma akwatin yana jigilar kaya a matsayin nau'in jigilar kaya na manyan motoci. Muna sanya kwalaben borosilicate a cikin akwati ɗaya na corrugated amma tare da rage adadin rabuwa da kusan 15% don la'akari da mafi girman farashin karyewa. Hutu a cikin jigilar kaya wanda ke kashe mai siye 50 cents a kowace kwalbar soda-lime yana kashe 80 cents zuwa dala 1 a kowace kwalbar borosilicate, kuma wannan bambancin haɗari shine abin da muke la'akari da shi a cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan jigilar kaya don jigilar kaya zuwa ƙasashen waje.

Inda Borosilicate Ya Yi Nasara: Juriyar Zafi, Juriyar Acid, da Tsawon Rayuwar Shiryayye

Gilashin Borosilicate shine zaɓi mafi dacewa don amfani inda tsarin ko layin cikawa ya jaddada kwalbar fiye da ƙarfin soda-lime. Halaye uku da ke sa borosilicate ya zama mafi kyawun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sune juriyar zafi, juriyar acid, da tsawon lokacin shiryawa.

Idan aka yi la'akari da juriyar zafi, borosilicate zai iya jure wa zafi fiye da 80°C kuma ana iya ɗaure shi da kansa a 121°C don a tsaftace shi. Ƙarfin autoclave shine dalilin da yasa borosilicate shine ma'aunin magunguna don shirye-shiryen allura, kuma irin wannan ikon yana sa borosilicate ya zama ma'aunin samfuran kula da fata waɗanda ke buƙatar cikawa mai tsafta. Ga alama mai da'awar "ba ta kariya ba", cikawa mai tsafta yawanci ana samun ta ne ta hanyar cire kwalbar da aka cika da autoclave, wanda za'a iya samu ne kawai a cikin borosilicate.

Dangane da juriyar acid, borosilicate yana riƙe da pH ɗin tsari a cikin cikakken pH 2 zuwa pH 11, ba tare da wani canji mai aunawa ba tsawon watanni 12 a zafin jiki 40°C. Juriyar acid shine dalilin da yasa borosilicate shine ma'aunin tsarin AHA, tsarin salicylic acid, da gaurayen mai mai mahimmanci na citral. Ga alama mai aiki mai amsawa ga pH, borosilicate shine kawai ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu kariya.

A tsawon lokacin da ake ajiyewa, borosilicate yana kiyaye kaddarorinsa na tsawon watanni 36 ba tare da wani canji mai aunawa ba, yayin da soda-lime yawanci yana nuna canji mai aunawa bayan watanni 18 a cikin kewayon pH 2 zuwa pH 4. Tsawon lokacin da ake ajiyewa na watanni 36 shine dalilin da yasa borosilicate shine ma'aunin kula da fata na asibiti wanda ake sayarwa ta hanyoyin da ke da jinkirin jujjuyawar kaya, gami da ofisoshin likita da asibitocin fata. Ga wani kamfani mai tashar asibiti, ƙayyadaddun bayanin borosilicate shine kawai ƙayyadaddun bayanin da ke tallafawa da'awar tsawon lokacin da ake ajiyewa.

Abin da muke gani a ɓangaren bayan tallace-tallace shi ne cewa da'awar borosilicate ta fi sauƙi a kare ta a cikin ƙarar abokin ciniki. Idan wani kamfani ya sami ƙarar "ruwan ya canza launi", za mu iya jawo fayil ɗin samar da kayayyaki mu duba takardar shaidar ajin hydrolytic, pH na tsari, da zafin layin cikawa akan da'awar. Idan borosilicate da aka ƙayyade a cikin alamar kuma rukunin samarwa yana cikin sanarwar HGA 1 na mai samar da kayayyaki, da'awar za a rufe ta a cikin martani ɗaya. Idan alamar ta ƙayyade soda-lime a pH 3.5, da'awar tana buƙatar gwajin leaching akan kwalbar da aka dawo da ita da kuma bincike na makonni 4, wanda shine bambanci tsakanin martanin sabis na abokin ciniki na mataki ɗaya da bincike na inganci na hukuma.

Matrix Mai Daidaituwa ta Nau'in Kayan Kwalliya: Matrix 8 na Shawarar SKU

Matrix ɗin yanke shawara na SKU 8 da ke ƙasa shine kayan aikin da muke amfani da shi a ciki lokacin da mai siye ya kawo sabon SKU na kwalliya zuwa ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Kowane layi rukuni ne na SKU, kowane ginshiƙi mallakar gilashi ne, kuma shawarar tana nuna wanne gidan gilashi ne mafi aminci ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Matrix ɗin ya yanke shawara shida na borosilicate da kuma shawarwari biyu na soda-lime ga nau'ikan SKU guda takwas. Rukunin soda-lime guda biyu sune toner mai tushen ruwa da kuma man shafawa mai tsaka-tsaki na pH, duka biyun sune cikewar zafin ɗaki, pH mai tsaka-tsaki, da kuma tsawon lokacin shiryawa. Kowace nau'in SKU a cikin matrix tana da ko dai dalilin pH mai tushen ko yanayin zafi ko kuma dalilin rayuwar shiryayye don ƙayyade borosilicate.

Ga samfuran da ke da fayil ɗin da ya ƙunshi nau'ikan SKU fiye da ɗaya, tsarin aiki shine a daidaita soda-lime don daidaitattun SKUs da kuma cancantar borosilicate don SKUs masu tsada azaman SKU na kwalba daban. Tsarin SKU mai dual-SKU yana ƙara ɗan sarkakiya ga kaya da lakabi, amma yana bawa alamar damar sarrafa bambancin farashi inda take samun lada ta tsarin.

Jerin Bayanan Bayani na RFQ

Hanya mafi sauri don fitar da madaidaicin bayanin gilashin akan RFQ na farko shine a aika da abubuwa bakwai da ke ƙasa waɗanda aka riga aka cika. Kowane abu da ya ɓace yana nuna takamaiman madauri na bayani wanda ke ɗaukar kwana 1 zuwa 3.

1. Cika zafin jiki— Cika zafi sama da 60°C ko kuma cika zafin ɗaki. Yana tafiyar da buƙatar ΔT.
2. Tsarin pH— Tsawon lokacin shiryawa. Yana tafiyar da buƙatar ajin hydrolytic.
3. Tsawon lokacin shiryayye na manufa— Watanni 12, 24, ko 36. Yana ƙarfafa haƙurin fitar da ruwa.
4. Jerin aiki— Ya haɗa da sinadaran acid, sinadarai masu aiki da alkali, da kuma sinadaran mai masu mahimmanci. Yana tafiyar da binciken daidaiton sinadarai.
5. Gwajin USP ko EP— Eh ko a'a. Yana tafiyar da rarrabuwar Nau'i I / Nau'i II / Nau'i III.
6. Layin cika ΔT— Bambancin zafin jiki a wurin jigilar kaya mai sanyi. Yana tafiyar da abin da ke haifar da aminci.
7. Tsarin kwalba— Ya haɗa da ƙarar da ba ta da yawa, ƙarewar wuya, da duk wani nau'in mold da aka keɓance. Yana tafiyar da duba yadda za a iya tsara shi.

Idan an cika dukkan abubuwa bakwai a RFQ, za a kulle bayanin gilashin a farkon ambato kuma kwalbar SKU za a kulle a karo na biyu. Ga masu siye waɗanda ke sonkwalban gilashin mai mahimmanci na premiumTakamaiman bayanai, jerin abubuwan da aka lissafa iri ɗaya ne kuma tsarin silinda mai kauri da ƙasa mai kauri 30ml shine nau'in ajiya don nau'ikan soda-lime da borosilicate.

Masu siye a shirye sukeTuntube Muza a iya aika RFQ tare da abubuwa bakwai da ke sama ta hanyar fom ɗin tuntuɓar mu, kuma za a ba wa aikin lambar sadarwa ta musamman a cikin ranar kasuwanci ɗaya.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

Shin gilashin borosilicate ya cancanci kuɗin kwalaben kwalliya?
Ga magungunan cikewa mai zafi sama da digiri 70 na Celsius, ga sinadaran mai masu mahimmanci da yawan sinadarin citral ko eugenol, da kuma ga magungunan kula da fata da pH ƙasa da 4 ko sama da 9, sinadarin borosilicate na kusan kashi 30% zuwa 60% akan soda-lime yana biyan kuɗi ta hanyar ƙarancin ƙin yarda a layin cikewa da tsawon lokacin shiryawa. Ga magungunan da aka yi da ruwa a pH 5 zuwa 8 da aka cika a zafin ɗaki, soda-lime shine ma'aunin kuma ƙimar ba ta dace ba.

Menene ainihin bambancin girgizar zafi tsakanin gilashin borosilicate da gilashin soda-lime?
Gilashin Borosilicate mai girman 3.3 x 10^-6/K na faɗaɗa zafi yana jure bambancin zafin jiki na kimanin digiri 160 na Celsius kafin ya karye a ƙarƙashin gwajin girgizar zafi na yau da kullun. Gilashin Soda-lime mai girman 9 x 10^-6/K yana jure bambancin kimanin digiri 40 na Celsius. Ma'anar da ake amfani da ita ga layin cikewa ita ce kwalbar borosilicate na iya motsawa daga zafin zafi na digiri 90 na Celsius zuwa yanayin sanyi na digiri 25 na Celsius ba tare da fashewa ba, yayin da kwalbar soda-lime ba za ta iya motsawa daga zafin zafi na digiri 60 na Celsius zuwa yanayin zafi na digiri 20 ba tare da ƙimar ƙin yarda da za a iya aunawa ba.

Shin gilashin soda-lime yana shigar da alkali cikin kayan kwalliya?
Eh, a auna. Gilashin soda-lime na HGB 3 na hydrolytic na iya ƙara pH na samfurin ruwa mai ƙarancin buffer da raka'a pH 0.3 zuwa 0.7 a cikin watanni 12 a digiri 40 na Celsius, wanda ya isa ya lalata aiki kamar niacinamide ko salicylic acid. Gilashin Borosilicate a hydrolytic ajin HGA 1 ba ya nuna canjin pH mai aunawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji iri ɗaya. Ga magunguna tare da aiki masu saurin amsawa ga pH, zaɓin

Za a iya yin kwalban dropper mai nauyin 30ml da borosilicate da soda-lime?
Eh, ana samar da tsarin kwalban mai mai kauri da ƙasa mai nauyin milimita 30 a cikin nau'ikan gilashi guda biyu. Bambancin borosilicate ya fi nauyi kuma ya fi tsada, amma ƙarfafa ƙasa mai kauri yana ba wa nau'ikan biyu aikin gwajin ɗigo iri ɗaya. Zaɓin tsakanin su biyun yana faruwa ne ta hanyar tsari da yanayin layin cikawa, ba ta hanyar yanayin kwalba ba.

Wane gilashi ne ya fi dacewa a sake yin amfani da shi?
Dukansu ana iya sake yin amfani da su gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kwararar cullet na yau da kullun, amma soda-lime shine gilashin cullet-stream mafi rinjaye kuma yana da sauƙin samowa cikin marufi na kwalliya. Masu sake yin amfani da su kaɗan ne ke karɓar cullet ɗin Borosilicate kuma yawanci yana da ƙarancin ƙimar sake yin amfani da shi. Ga samfuran da aka buga waɗanda aka yi niyya don abubuwan da aka sake yin amfani da su, soda-lime tare da kashi 30% zuwa 50% na cullet bayan amfani shine hanya mafi dacewa.